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On 1/21/2017 10:58 AM, abirov@gmail.com wrote: > Sensor data length is 16 bit data, value is from -32768 to 32767,i think data format represented as one highest is sign and others are integers, who can help how to convert it to Q15 data format in VHDL? > > Q15 like https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q_(number_format) one sigh and others are fractional from -1 to 1 > > Sensor is ADC output is 16 bit format, one sign and other integer > > so it need only divide ? ADC output to 32768 ?? As others have indicated, there is no logic required to convert between the two formats. Here are some links for the proposed IEEE fixed point arithmetic package. http://wayback.archive.org/web/20151124101646/http://www.vhdl.org/fphdl/Fixed_ug.pdf http://wayback.archive.org/web/20151130082614/http://vhdl.org/fphdl/fixed_pkg_c.vhdl -- Rick CArticle: 159626
On 1/21/2017 5:25 PM, rickman wrote: > On 1/21/2017 10:58 AM, abirov@gmail.com wrote: >> Sensor data length is 16 bit data, value is from -32768 to 32767,i >> think data format represented as one highest is sign and others are >> integers, who can help how to convert it to Q15 data format in VHDL? >> >> Q15 like https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q_(number_format) one sigh and >> others are fractional from -1 to 1 >> >> Sensor is ADC output is 16 bit format, one sign and other integer >> >> so it need only divide ? ADC output to 32768 ?? > > As others have indicated, there is no logic required to convert between > the two formats. Here are some links for the proposed IEEE fixed point > arithmetic package. > > http://wayback.archive.org/web/20151124101646/http://www.vhdl.org/fphdl/Fixed_ug.pdf > > > http://wayback.archive.org/web/20151130082614/http://vhdl.org/fphdl/fixed_pkg_c.vhdl And you might need this one too. http://wayback.archive.org/web/20160129055142/http://www.vhdl.org/fphdl/fixed_float_types_c.vhdl -- Rick CArticle: 159627
As X and A's integrated editors are more or less limited, I guess many peop= le will looking for better alternatives. The usual suspects will be Emacs (with VHDL mode) and Sigasi. For me personally, I never really liked Emacs and found Sigasi just a bit t= oo expensive. So some time ago I came across V3S from www.vide-software.at. It is a quite= powerful and fair priced VHDL plug-in for Visual Studio (Stand-alone versi= on with Visual Studio redistributable package also available). I could also= watch the progress over the last few months and I really like it. The only drawback is the missing Linux support. However, there appears to b= e a Linux version of "Visual Studio Code". I have not checked yet if this w= orks together with the plug-in. Maybe someone else has? Regards, Thomas P.S.: I am in no way related to V3S, just a happy user. I want to sell you = EEBlasters, JPEG encoders and cameras at www.entner-electronics.com, howeve= r ;-)Article: 159628
On 21/01/2017 22:26, rickman wrote: > On 1/21/2017 5:25 PM, rickman wrote: .. >> >> As others have indicated, there is no logic required to convert between >> the two formats. Here are some links for the proposed IEEE fixed point >> arithmetic package. >> >> http://wayback.archive.org/web/20151124101646/http://www.vhdl.org/fphdl/Fixed_ug.pdf >> >> >> >> http://wayback.archive.org/web/20151130082614/http://vhdl.org/fphdl/fixed_pkg_c.vhdl >> > > And you might need this one too. > > http://wayback.archive.org/web/20160129055142/http://www.vhdl.org/fphdl/fixed_float_types_c.vhdl > > Bit of extra info, I would not compile these packages yourself but use the ones supplied with your simulator as they are most likely tuned for some extra performance. In Modelsim you can find the precompiled library in <install_dir>\floatfixlib and the source files in <install_dir>\vhdl_src\floatfixlib. Good luck, Hans www.ht-lab.comArticle: 159629
On Sat, 21 Jan 2017 16:36:43 -0800, thomas.entner99 wrote: > As X and A's integrated editors are more or less limited, I guess many > people will looking for better alternatives. > > The usual suspects will be Emacs (with VHDL mode) and Sigasi. > > For me personally, I never really liked Emacs and found Sigasi just a > bit too expensive. > > So some time ago I came across V3S from www.vide-software.at. It is a > quite powerful and fair priced VHDL plug-in for Visual Studio > (Stand-alone version with Visual Studio redistributable package also > available). I could also watch the progress over the last few months and > I really like it. > > The only drawback is the missing Linux support. However, there appears > to be a Linux version of "Visual Studio Code". I have not checked yet if > this works together with the plug-in. Maybe someone else has? > > Regards, > > Thomas > > P.S.: I am in no way related to V3S, just a happy user. I want to sell > you EEBlasters, JPEG encoders and cameras at www.entner-electronics.com, > however ;-) Try Eclipse. They cover a huge number of languages. A nice thing for me is that much of the UI is standard Eclipse, with nice extensions for language-awareness built in. I'm currently using it for C/C++ development, html, and LaTeX -- and I have done Java with it in the past. -- Tim Wescott Wescott Design Services http://www.wescottdesign.com I'm looking for work -- see my website!Article: 159630
On Wednesday, March 28, 2012 at 1:31:41 PM UTC-4, Elam wrote: > I understand that the price depends on the volume etc > but I would like to know the per unit price of Virtex 7 FPGA.. > > Any guesses.. > > Thanks > Elam. Elam, We can save you substantially off of the Xilinx or Avnet screen pricing on most Xilinx. John.Pallazola@earthtron.comArticle: 159631
On 3/11/2014 5:32 PM, langwadt@fonz.dk wrote: > Den tirsdag den 11. marts 2014 22.23.36 UTC+1 skrev Jon Elson: >> GaborSzakacs wrote: >> >> >> >> >> >>> >> >>> A quick DigiKey search showed a range of $2,583.75 (XC7VX330T-1FFG1157C) >> >>> to $39,452.40 (XC7V2000T-G2FLG1925E). These won't end up in any of my >> >>> designs any time soon. >> >>> >> >> REALLY! 1900 balls, and all of them have to solder perfectly or the chip >> >> has to come off and be re-balled! Arghhhh! I'd LOVE to know who is >> >> actually USING chips that expensive. Must be the military in those >> >> $500 Million airplanes. >> >> Jon > > if it does the job of an asic that would require a million dollar NRE and > you only need 20 it's a bargain One place I worked at used a very expensive Xilinx device (not sure just how bad it was, I think $1,500 in around 2000) when only 20% was being used. Room for expansion in a $100,000 product. It was test equipment and I think they only sold a couple of handfulls. -- Rick CArticle: 159632
On 4/2/2012 7:55 PM, Ed McGettigan wrote: > On Mar 28, 10:31 am, Elam <elampoora...@gmail.com> wrote: >> I understand that the price depends on the volume etc >> but I would like to know the per unit price of Virtex 7 FPGA.. >> >> Any guesses.. >> >> Thanks >> Elam. > > There are too many variables (device, package, speed grade, volume, > delivery date, etc..) involved in pricing for any simple answer. > Contact your local Xilinx sales rep and they would be happy to sit > down and discuss your needs and come up with the right pricing that > matches your situation. > http://www.xilinx.com/company/contact/sales-reps.htm > > Using online pricing data for 1-10 parts today will not be reflective > of 1K-10K pricing 18 months from now. No only do prices vary on a lot of factors, prices are *always* cheaper (sometimes *much* cheaper) if you give them a design win using their new product line. They barely care about new sockets using old parts, even one generation old. It's all about paying for the NRE on the new product line. If you are buying even just 10k per year, you can get a great discount typically, much better than the online prices. -- Rick CArticle: 159633
This is kind of a survey; I need some perspective (possibly historical) Are there any digital systems that you know of that use 1's compliment or signed-magnitude number representation for technical reasons? Have you ever used it in the past? Is the world down to legacy applications and interfacing with legacy sensors? TIA. -- Tim Wescott Wescott Design Services http://www.wescottdesign.com I'm looking for work -- see my website!Article: 159634
So, just doing a brief search, it looks like Altera is touting a floating point slice in at least one of their lines. Is this really a thing, or are they wrapping some more familiar fixed- point processing with IP to make it floating point? And, anything else you know. TIA. -- Tim Wescott Wescott Design Services http://www.wescottdesign.com I'm looking for work -- see my website!Article: 159635
On 1/24/2017 11:44 PM, Tim Wescott wrote: > This is kind of a survey; I need some perspective (possibly historical) > > Are there any digital systems that you know of that use 1's compliment or > signed-magnitude number representation for technical reasons? > > Have you ever used it in the past? > > Is the world down to legacy applications and interfacing with legacy > sensors? Not sure I can be of a lot of help, but I do know these have been used in various systems in the past. 1's compliment has an advantage of not needing an adder to negate a number. in 1's compliment the negative is just all bits inverted. So some of the early computers used it for that reason. Addition is slightly complicated, or I should say subtraction since you must add a one to make the result come out right. Not a big deal as you can use the carry input to the lsb. Then there is the issue of having two zeros, 000...0 and 111...1 are both zero. lol I have seen sign magnitude used in ADCs. I believe in some designs it is simpler to produce a magnitude and then just append a sign bit rather than adding the logic to create a two's complement number. In the old days the analog technology didn't lend itself to the logic so well. Otherwise I have not seen sign magnitude used anywhere or in any computers. In some of the rather old business computers they used various forms of BCD or excess 3 code to simplify arithmetic since converting between binary and decimal digits can be a fair amount of work when you don't have fancy hardware. -- Rick CArticle: 159636
On 1/24/2017 11:59 PM, Tim Wescott wrote: > So, just doing a brief search, it looks like Altera is touting a floating > point slice in at least one of their lines. > > Is this really a thing, or are they wrapping some more familiar fixed- > point processing with IP to make it floating point? > > And, anything else you know. I'm not sure what you are asking. What do you think floating point is exactly? The core of floating point is just fixed point arithmetic with an extra bit (uh, rereading this I need to make clear this is the British "bit" meaning part :) to express the exponent of a binary multiplier. To perform addition or subtraction on floating point numbers the mantissa needs to be normalized meaning the bits must be lined up so they are all equal weight. This requires adjusting one of the exponents so the two are equal while shifting the mantissa to match. Then the addition can be done on the mantissa and the result adjusted so the msb of the mantissa is in the correct alignment. Multiplication is actually easier in that normalization is not required, but exponents are added and the result is adjusted for correct alignment of the mantissa. So the heart of a floating point operation is a fixed point ALU with barrel shifters before and after. -- Rick CArticle: 159637
On Wednesday, January 25, 2017 at 3:14:39 PM UTC+10:30, Tim Wescott wrote: > This is kind of a survey; I need some perspective (possibly historical) >=20 > Are there any digital systems that you know of that use 1's compliment or= =20 > signed-magnitude number representation for technical reasons? =20 >=20 > Have you ever used it in the past? >=20 Quote: "Some designers chose 1=E2=80=99s complement, where =E2=88=92n was obtained= from n by simply inverting all bits. Some chose 2=E2=80=99s complement, wh= ere =E2=88=92n is obtained by inverting all bits and then adding 1. The former has the drawback of featur= ing two forms for zero (0=E2=80=A60 and 1=E2=80=A61). This is nasty, partic= ularly if available comparison instructions are inadequate. For example, th= e CDC 6000 computers had an instruction that tested for zero, recognizing b= oth forms correctly, but also an instruction that tested the sign bit only, classifyi= ng 1=E2=80=A61 as a negative number, making comparisons unnecessarily compl= icated. This case of inadequate design reveals 1=E2=80=99s complement as a = bad idea. Today, all computers use 2=E2=80=99s complement arithmetic." Ref: "Good Ideas, Through the Looking Glass" Niklaus Wirth, IEEE Computer. = Issue No. 01 - January (2006 vol. 39). https://www.computer.org/csdl/mags/co/2006/01/r1028-abs.htmlArticle: 159638
thomas.entner99@gmail.com writes: > As X and A's integrated editors are more or less limited, I guess many > people will looking for better alternatives. I suppose. What I remember of colleagues not using Emacs were using Ultraedit in Windows or Nedit in Linux. Others have used something with no language support (KWrite in Linux, Sun's Textedit, also Windows Notepad, even "Edit" in MS-DOS.)Article: 159639
> I suppose. What I remember of colleagues not using Emacs were using > Ultraedit in Windows or Nedit in Linux. But I think they do not go much beyond syntax highlighting for VHDL. Sigasi and V3S go much further, e.g. with automatic instance generation and "live" error checking. @Tim: Do you have any specific Eclipse plug-ins in mind? I think they are all also just syntax highlighting. (For Verilog there is VEditor, but I think it has only limited VHDL support, too.) But it is some time ago since I checked last.Article: 159640
On 1/25/2017 7:14 AM, Anssi Saari wrote: > thomas.entner99@gmail.com writes: > >> As X and A's integrated editors are more or less limited, I guess many >> people will looking for better alternatives. > > I suppose. What I remember of colleagues not using Emacs were using > Ultraedit in Windows or Nedit in Linux. > > Others have used something with no language support (KWrite in Linux, > Sun's Textedit, also Windows Notepad, even "Edit" in MS-DOS.) I'm afraid I still use Codewright, which is a great tool still. But it's not under Linux. If I ever get a Linux computer up and running I keep saying I will switch to EMACS. But when I've looked at it under Windows it seems crude and complicated. I'm told once you get up the learning curve it is great, or grate.. pick one. In Codewright I have several string recognizers to allow me to generate any one from any other, entity declaration, component instantiation, signals declarations. Not so much pain until I start altering them. -- Rick CArticle: 159641
On Saturday, January 21, 2017 at 7:36:46 PM UTC-5, thomas....@gmail.com wro= te: > As X and A's integrated editors are more or less limited, I guess many pe= ople will looking for better alternatives. >=20 > The usual suspects will be Emacs (with VHDL mode) and Sigasi. >=20 > For me personally, I never really liked Emacs and found Sigasi just a bit= too expensive. >=20 > So some time ago I came across V3S from www.vide-software.at. It is a qui= te powerful and fair priced VHDL plug-in for Visual Studio (Stand-alone ver= sion with Visual Studio redistributable package also available). I could al= so watch the progress over the last few months and I really like it. >=20 > The only drawback is the missing Linux support. However, there appears to= be a Linux version of "Visual Studio Code". I have not checked yet if this= works together with the plug-in. Maybe someone else has? >=20 > Regards, >=20 > Thomas >=20 > P.S.: I am in no way related to V3S, just a happy user. I want to sell yo= u EEBlasters, JPEG encoders and cameras at www.entner-electronics.com, howe= ver ;-) As far as "editors" go, take your pick. I've used Emacs almost exclusively= for ~15 years. Once you're proficient with something, it's difficult to s= witch. I use it on Windows and Linux with no problems. It does take a whi= le to set it up the way you like it, but once you learn the commands it's r= eally nice. Other editors used by my colleagues (some that I've tried) include: Vim, gV= im, neoVim, Atom, Sublime Text, Notepad++, and SlickEdit. One of the features I use a lot is Rectangle mode in Emacs. https://www.em= acswiki.org/emacs/RectangleCommands I haven't found a good, easy way to do the same thing in any of the other e= ditors and that alone is a primary reason for sticking with Emacs.Article: 159642
Tim Wescott wrote: > This is kind of a survey; I need some perspective (possibly historical) > > Are there any digital systems that you know of that use 1's compliment or > signed-magnitude number representation for technical reasons? > > Have you ever used it in the past? > > Is the world down to legacy applications and interfacing with legacy > sensors? > > TIA. > If by "signed-magnitude" you mean "sign-magnitude", i.e. numbers are always positive binary encoding with a separate sign bit, then most floating point formats use it for the mantissa. Once again you have the possibility of positive and negative zero, however IEEE floating formats don't allow negative zero in the standard encoding, so you need to check for zero when negating a number. Zero is a special case in these formats, because otherwise there is an assumed 1 to the left of the mantissa. The same formats use offset binary for the exponent. -- GaborArticle: 159643
On 01/25/2017 07:32 AM, kkoorndyk wrote: > On Saturday, January 21, 2017 at 7:36:46 PM UTC-5, thomas....@gmail.com wrote: >> As X and A's integrated editors are more or less limited, I guess many people will looking for better alternatives. >> >> The usual suspects will be Emacs (with VHDL mode) and Sigasi. >> >> For me personally, I never really liked Emacs and found Sigasi just a bit too expensive. >> >> So some time ago I came across V3S from www.vide-software.at. It is a quite powerful and fair priced VHDL plug-in for Visual Studio (Stand-alone version with Visual Studio redistributable package also available). I could also watch the progress over the last few months and I really like it. >> >> The only drawback is the missing Linux support. However, there appears to be a Linux version of "Visual Studio Code". I have not checked yet if this works together with the plug-in. Maybe someone else has? >> >> Regards, >> >> Thomas >> >> P.S.: I am in no way related to V3S, just a happy user. I want to sell you EEBlasters, JPEG encoders and cameras at www.entner-electronics.com, however ;-) > > As far as "editors" go, take your pick. I've used Emacs almost exclusively for ~15 years. Once you're proficient with something, it's difficult to switch. I use it on Windows and Linux with no problems. It does take a while to set it up the way you like it, but once you learn the commands it's really nice. > > Other editors used by my colleagues (some that I've tried) include: Vim, gVim, neoVim, Atom, Sublime Text, Notepad++, and SlickEdit. > > One of the features I use a lot is Rectangle mode in Emacs. https://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/RectangleCommands > > I haven't found a good, easy way to do the same thing in any of the other editors and that alone is a primary reason for sticking with Emacs. > I know that Notepad++ (Windows) and Geany (my personal choice, cross-platform) both support column selection, which I think is pretty equivalent to Rectangle mode for most code sorts of tasks. They're both based around Scintilla as a backend; I'm assuming the support goes all the way back to that. -- Rob Gaddi, Highland Technology -- www.highlandtechnology.com Email address domain is currently out of order. See above to fix.Article: 159644
Tim Wescott wrote: > This is kind of a survey; I need some perspective (possibly historical) > > Are there any digital systems that you know of that use 1's compliment or > signed-magnitude number representation for technical reasons? > The LINC computer used 1's complement. Having two zeros that did not compare as equal was a pain! JonArticle: 159645
> I'm not sure what you are asking. What do you think floating point is > exactly? The core of floating point is just fixed point arithmetic with > an extra bit (uh, rereading this I need to make clear this is the > British "bit" meaning part :) to express the exponent of a binary > multiplier. To perform addition or subtraction on floating point > numbers the mantissa needs to be normalized meaning the bits must be > lined up so they are all equal weight. This requires adjusting one of > the exponents so the two are equal while shifting the mantissa to match. > Then the addition can be done on the mantissa and the result adjusted > so the msb of the mantissa is in the correct alignment. > > Multiplication is actually easier in that normalization is not required, > but exponents are added and the result is adjusted for correct alignment > of the mantissa. > > So the heart of a floating point operation is a fixed point ALU with > barrel shifters before and after. I think you oversimplify FP. It works a lot better with dedicated hardware.Article: 159646
On Wed, 25 Jan 2017 02:59:46 -0800, cfbsoftware wrote: > On Wednesday, January 25, 2017 at 3:14:39 PM UTC+10:30, Tim Wescott > wrote: >> This is kind of a survey; I need some perspective (possibly historical) >> >> Are there any digital systems that you know of that use 1's compliment >> or signed-magnitude number representation for technical reasons? >> >> Have you ever used it in the past? >> >> > Quote: > > "Some designers chose 1’s complement, where −n was obtained from n by > simply inverting all bits. Some chose 2’s complement, where −n is > obtained by inverting all bits and then adding 1. The former has the > drawback of featuring two forms for zero (0…0 and 1…1). This is nasty, > particularly if available comparison instructions are inadequate. For > example, the CDC 6000 computers had an instruction that tested for zero, > recognizing both forms correctly, but also an instruction that tested > the sign bit only, classifying 1…1 as a negative number, making > comparisons unnecessarily complicated. This case of inadequate design > reveals 1’s complement as a bad idea. Today, all computers use 2’s > complement arithmetic." > > Ref: "Good Ideas, Through the Looking Glass" Niklaus Wirth, IEEE > Computer. Issue No. 01 - January (2006 vol. 39). > > https://www.computer.org/csdl/mags/co/2006/01/r1028-abs.html I'm looking for current practice, not history. -- Tim Wescott Wescott Design Services http://www.wescottdesign.com I'm looking for work -- see my website!Article: 159647
On 1/25/2017 8:14 PM, Tim Wescott wrote: > On Wed, 25 Jan 2017 02:59:46 -0800, cfbsoftware wrote: > >> On Wednesday, January 25, 2017 at 3:14:39 PM UTC+10:30, Tim Wescott >> wrote: >>> This is kind of a survey; I need some perspective (possibly historical) >>> >>> Are there any digital systems that you know of that use 1's compliment >>> or signed-magnitude number representation for technical reasons? >>> >>> Have you ever used it in the past? >>> >>> >> Quote: >> >> "Some designers chose 1’s complement, where −n was obtained from n by >> simply inverting all bits. Some chose 2’s complement, where −n is >> obtained by inverting all bits and then adding 1. The former has the >> drawback of featuring two forms for zero (0…0 and 1…1). This is nasty, >> particularly if available comparison instructions are inadequate. For >> example, the CDC 6000 computers had an instruction that tested for zero, >> recognizing both forms correctly, but also an instruction that tested >> the sign bit only, classifying 1…1 as a negative number, making >> comparisons unnecessarily complicated. This case of inadequate design >> reveals 1’s complement as a bad idea. Today, all computers use 2’s >> complement arithmetic." >> >> Ref: "Good Ideas, Through the Looking Glass" Niklaus Wirth, IEEE >> Computer. Issue No. 01 - January (2006 vol. 39). >> >> https://www.computer.org/csdl/mags/co/2006/01/r1028-abs.html > > I'm looking for current practice, not history. Other than the few ADC parts I described that use sign-magnitude, I'm pretty sure you won't find any computers using either 1's complement or sign-magnitude. Pocket calculators likely still use BCD. Otherwise everything is 2's complement binary. -- Rick CArticle: 159648
On 1/25/2017 5:07 PM, Kevin Neilson wrote: >> I'm not sure what you are asking. What do you think floating point is >> exactly? The core of floating point is just fixed point arithmetic with >> an extra bit (uh, rereading this I need to make clear this is the >> British "bit" meaning part :) to express the exponent of a binary >> multiplier. To perform addition or subtraction on floating point >> numbers the mantissa needs to be normalized meaning the bits must be >> lined up so they are all equal weight. This requires adjusting one of >> the exponents so the two are equal while shifting the mantissa to match. >> Then the addition can be done on the mantissa and the result adjusted >> so the msb of the mantissa is in the correct alignment. >> >> Multiplication is actually easier in that normalization is not required, >> but exponents are added and the result is adjusted for correct alignment >> of the mantissa. >> > >> So the heart of a floating point operation is a fixed point ALU with >> barrel shifters before and after. > > I think you oversimplify FP. It works a lot better with dedicated hardware. Not sure what your point is. The principles are the same in software or hardware. I was describing hardware I have worked on. ST-100 from Star Technologies. I became very intimate with the inner workings. The only complications are from the various error and special case handling of the IEEE-754 format. I doubt the FPGA is implementing that, but possibly. The basics are still the same. Adds use a barrel shifter to denormalize the mantissa so the exponents are equal, a integer adder and a normalization barrel shifter to produce the result. Multiplies use a multiplier for the mantissas and an adder for the exponents (with adjustment for exponent bias) followed by a simple shifter to normalize the result. Both add and multiply are about the same level of complexity as a barrel shifter is almost as much logic as the multiplier. Other than the special case handling of IEEE-754, what do you think I am missing? -- Rick CArticle: 159649
On 1/25/2017 10:32 AM, kkoorndyk wrote: > On Saturday, January 21, 2017 at 7:36:46 PM UTC-5, thomas....@gmail.com wrote: >> As X and A's integrated editors are more or less limited, I guess many people will looking for better alternatives. >> >> The usual suspects will be Emacs (with VHDL mode) and Sigasi. >> >> For me personally, I never really liked Emacs and found Sigasi just a bit too expensive. >> >> So some time ago I came across V3S from www.vide-software.at. It is a quite powerful and fair priced VHDL plug-in for Visual Studio (Stand-alone version with Visual Studio redistributable package also available). I could also watch the progress over the last few months and I really like it. >> >> The only drawback is the missing Linux support. However, there appears to be a Linux version of "Visual Studio Code". I have not checked yet if this works together with the plug-in. Maybe someone else has? >> >> Regards, >> >> Thomas >> >> P.S.: I am in no way related to V3S, just a happy user. I want to sell you EEBlasters, JPEG encoders and cameras at www.entner-electronics.com, however ;-) > > As far as "editors" go, take your pick. I've used Emacs almost exclusively for ~15 years. Once you're proficient with something, it's difficult to switch. I use it on Windows and Linux with no problems. It does take a while to set it up the way you like it, but once you learn the commands it's really nice. > > Other editors used by my colleagues (some that I've tried) include: Vim, gVim, neoVim, Atom, Sublime Text, Notepad++, and SlickEdit. > > One of the features I use a lot is Rectangle mode in Emacs. https://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/RectangleCommands > > I haven't found a good, easy way to do the same thing in any of the other editors and that alone is a primary reason for sticking with Emacs. The description of rectangle mode is a bit complex, how do you get an odd number of characters with an even number of lines? But Codewright has what I think that mode does. They call it block mode and you can cut, copy and paste any rectangular region to anywhere else. I just realized that one of the "oddities" of Codewright has to do with the way they handle the blank spaces with no characters. If you position the cursor on a line where no chars are typed and type anything, it inserts spaces (or tabs and spaces) ahead of the cursor from the last char on the line. This would be important when using block mode in many instances. It's a bit of a pain in that moving the cursor down does not position at the end of the line, rather it just moves down one. You have to press the "end" key to go to the end of the line even when it is to the left. :( -- Rick C
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