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Messages from 76975

Article: 76975
Subject: Re: Xilinx Student Foundation Edition on Windows-XP ??
From: "cdsipjp" <paul@customdesignsolutions.com>
Date: Fri, 17 Dec 2004 14:54:23 -0500
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
Our company has figured out how to install Foundation 2.1 / 3.1 in Windows
XP SP2. Please contact me for further information.
paul@customdesignsolutions.com


Article: 76976
Subject: Re: Digital clock synthesis
From: "John_H" <johnhandwork@mail.com>
Date: Fri, 17 Dec 2004 22:01:27 GMT
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
"Symon" <symon_brewer@hotmail.com> wrote in message
news:32gjgiF3lb586U1@individual.net...
> Hi John,
> What I'm thinking is, if the input to the circuit is the phase step,
> effectively frequency in this case, you have to calculate "2^27-100M plus
> the phase step" somewhere in the circuit each time the frequency changes.
> This needs another adder, yes? Can you fit all the stuff into 1 lut per
bit?
> Cheers, Syms.

You can have either a separate adder or (as I did it before) two different
phase values supplied by software: the raw phase and the adjusted phase.  If
you want an adder to calculate the adjusted phase value, register the value
and the timing doesn't suffer.

Just a reminder that the duty cycle will be (2^26/100M)/(1-2^26/100M) or
67.1%/32.9% on average unless you'd care to adjust whenever the MSbit
toggles.



Article: 76977
Subject: Clock Synchronization
From: "Neil" <logblog@gmail.com>
Date: 17 Dec 2004 14:23:31 -0800
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>

I am looking for some material about the various clock synchronization
techniques, their advantages etc.

Thanks
Neil


Article: 76978
Subject: Re: Xilinx Student Foundation Edition on Windows-XP ??
From: "Hendra" <u1000393@email.sjsu.edu>
Date: 17 Dec 2004 14:34:14 -0800
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
cdsipjp wrote:
> Our company has figured out how to install Foundation 2.1 / 3.1 in
Windows
> XP SP2. Please contact me for further information.
> paul@customdesignsolutions.com

While Any Foundation software may works on Windows XP, beware that part
of the program, the Impact, that is used to download the bitstream to
the FPGA board may not work. If you want to use the software to
download the bitstream to the FPGA board with Windows XP, you must use
Xilinx ISE 5.1i or above. 

Hendra


Article: 76979
Subject: Re: Digital clock synthesis
From: "Falk Brunner" <Falk.Brunner@gmx.de>
Date: Sat, 18 Dec 2004 00:08:32 +0100
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>

"Symon" <symon_brewer@hotmail.com> schrieb im Newsbeitrag
news:32g6taF3kks5aU1@individual.net...
> Hmmm, maybe not smaller as you need a subtraction as well as an
> accumulation. I need to think about that when I get time. But certainly
more
> accurate....

Why not use a xtal with a power of two frequency?? We telecom guys do this
regulary.

Regards
Falk




Article: 76980
Subject: Re: HWICAP
From: "Harish" <harish.vutukuru@gmail.com>
Date: 17 Dec 2004 16:12:27 -0800
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
Hello Gerd,

Thanks for the reply. Could you provide me with any information you
have obtained with regard to the amount of time in terms of clock
cycles it takes to read/write
1. single CLB column
2. single BRAM column

Also could you share your experinece in using the HWICAP module
Thanks
Harish


Article: 76981
Subject: Re: PCI doubt
From: "Shreyas Kulkarni" <shyran@gmail.com>
Date: 17 Dec 2004 18:44:07 -0800
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
does it mean that  a target only PCI device can be master as well as
slave? master when initiating data trasnfer and slave when on the
receiving end?


Article: 76982
Subject: Re: about digilent board
From: janbeck@gmail.com
Date: 17 Dec 2004 18:58:22 -0800
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
Hi, I am also trying to use a digilent board together with the coregen
fft. You are saying the fft does not work. can you elaborate? Would you
be willing to share your code with me so that I have an example of a
working implementation?

Thank you very much for your time,

Jan Beck


Tonny wrote:
> Hello,
>
> > I plan to buy digilent combo board DIO2 combo. Does anybody know if
a
> > download cable will be included in the package? also, do they
provide
> > the software like foundation or webpack?
>
> Yes, the cable is included. But you need dowload de webpack from
> xilinx's site.
>
>  > I plan to implement some work of dsp, like FFT, FILTER. Hope this
> > spartan II (200k gates) FPGA on this board helps. Has anybody tried
> > that on digilent's board either?
>
> I'm doing a OFDM in my D2-DIO2 combo, that have a IFFT.
>
> I'm using the FFT from www.opencores.org, because de FFT from Coregen
> don't work properly in Spartan-2.


Article: 76983
Subject: Re: Need help with CUPL
From: Jim Brain <brain@jbrain.com>
Date: Sat, 18 Dec 2004 06:05:07 GMT
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
I appreciate the responses.  I'll look at them to finish this.

One person emailed me asking why I am using CUPL.  As I'm new to 
programmable logic, I decided it'd be best to start with a CPLD.  I 
obtained 2 from Digikey, an ATF750 and a Atmel 1504AS.  After delivery, 
I went trolling for a piece of software to use to program them, thus 
WinCUPL.

The email suggested ABEL, and I'll give that a shot as well.  Another 
person suggested I dload WebPack or Xilinx's offering, draw the 
schematic, and export as a VHDL file, load into WinCUPL, and go from there.

I dloaded WebPack, drew my schematic (I'm a software developer, but I am 
struggling with VHDL.  Schematics, OTOH, I can draw very easily).  I 
managed to get the schematic to compile on Quartus (with warnings about 
my inout pins being tied to VCC or something, so I suspect I've done 
something wrong), so I exported as VHDL (looks nasty, like decompiled C 
code), and imported into WinCUPL.  No go.

Reading the newsgroup for a few weeks, I am obviously not in the same 
league as most who frequent here, but it just seems very hard for a new 
entrant to programmable logic to get a CPLD going.  I'd love to go 
straight to FPGAs, but the entire circuit is a 5 FF, 20 gate design, so 
an FPGA and an EPROM seems overkill.

Am I going about this the wrong way?  Should I avoid CUPL like the 
plague?  Is ABEL my best bet for CPLD design, or is there a reasonable 
VHDL tool that will give me files I can program into a 750 or 1504, or 
industry std PAL/GALs?  I sense the VHDL versus Verilog discussion is 
like the VI versus EMACS discussion, how does a newbie like me, decide 
which to pick to learn first?  Google didn;t turn up a FAQ for this 
newsgroup, but I'd assume some of these questions would be in a FAQ... 
The online helps are very targeted, but none seem to answer the above 
questions.

As an outsider looking in, I've noticed the Altera/Xilinx discussion is 
another pseudo-religious war, but I often see the voice of "reason" 
suggest that people simply need to load their model into both design 
tools, see who handles the model better, and choose designs based on 
that information.  I think that's wise advice, but it doesn't help 
people like myself who know neither tool well, and are just starting 
out.  Newcomers, like myself, typically have small designs, low speed, 
and need lots of help while using the tool initially.  For that type of 
user, is it possible for me to ask for recommendations without 
triggering a war?  I know not everyone's taste is the same, but right 
now, best is defined to me as easiest to succeed at.

Jim, still trying to figure out how to tie into output enable on inout 
pins on his schematic, Brain

-- 
Jim Brain, Brain Innovations
brain@jbrain.com                                http://www.jbrain.com
Dabbling in WWW, Embedded Systems, Old CBM computers, and Good Times!

Article: 76984
Subject: Re: PCI doubt
From: hmurray@suespammers.org (Hal Murray)
Date: Sat, 18 Dec 2004 00:12:45 -0600
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
>does it mean that  a target only PCI device can be master as well as
>slave? master when initiating data trasnfer and slave when on the
>receiving end?

target == slave
  the end that responds to a read/write from someplace else
initiator == master

-- 
The suespammers.org mail server is located in California.  So are all my
other mailboxes.  Please do not send unsolicited bulk e-mail or unsolicited
commercial e-mail to my suespammers.org address or any of my other addresses.
These are my opinions, not necessarily my employer's.  I hate spam.


Article: 76985
Subject: Re: Need help with CUPL
From: Jim Granville <no.spam@designtools.co.nz>
Date: Sat, 18 Dec 2004 23:35:49 +1300
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
Jim Brain wrote:

> I appreciate the responses.  I'll look at them to finish this.
> 
> One person emailed me asking why I am using CUPL.  As I'm new to 
> programmable logic, I decided it'd be best to start with a CPLD.  I 
> obtained 2 from Digikey, an ATF750 and a Atmel 1504AS.  After delivery, 
> I went trolling for a piece of software to use to program them, thus 
> WinCUPL.
> 
> The email suggested ABEL, and I'll give that a shot as well.  Another 
> person suggested I dload WebPack or Xilinx's offering, draw the 
> schematic, and export as a VHDL file, load into WinCUPL, and go from there.
> 
> I dloaded WebPack, drew my schematic (I'm a software developer, but I am 
> struggling with VHDL.  Schematics, OTOH, I can draw very easily).  I 
> managed to get the schematic to compile on Quartus (with warnings about 
> my inout pins being tied to VCC or something, so I suspect I've done 
> something wrong), so I exported as VHDL (looks nasty, like decompiled C 
> code), and imported into WinCUPL.  No go.

If you look at the REPORT files from Altera, or Xilinx tools, you will 
see Boolean Eqn formats, and that is quite close to CUPL.

> 
> Reading the newsgroup for a few weeks, I am obviously not in the same 
> league as most who frequent here, but it just seems very hard for a new 
> entrant to programmable logic to get a CPLD going.  I'd love to go 
> straight to FPGAs, but the entire circuit is a 5 FF, 20 gate design, so 
> an FPGA and an EPROM seems overkill.

It is. A SPLD/CPLD is the best solution.
> 
> Am I going about this the wrong way?  Should I avoid CUPL like the 
> plague? 

No, CUPL is pretty much the only currently supported flow for the 
ATF750/SPLDs. ABEL is no longer generically available, since Xilinx took
over, but it (or a close variant) is still offered by some vendors.


> Is ABEL my best bet for CPLD design, or is there a reasonable 
> VHDL tool that will give me files I can program into a 750 or 1504, or 
> industry std PAL/GALs? 

VHDL has a much greater learning curve, than CUPL.
CUPL is simpler, ( rather like structured Assembler vs Java ), and
you use the DOT extensions [.CK, .D, .OE, .IO etc ) to 'create the 
circuit' you would have drawn on paper.
You also KNOW exactly what PLD resoutce it will use, at the time
you write the code.
CUPL can also create test vectors that any good device programmer can
run after PGM, to verify the actual silicon operation.

These test vectors also allow you to verify and identify secured
devices - eg in a field return : Is the PLD still OK, and what version
is it ?

CUPL is a good fit for ATF16V8/ATF22V10/ATF750/ATF1502/ATF1504 
SPLD/CPLD, but you would not design a soft-cpu using CUPL.


You could also look at ICT's PEEL SPLD/CPLD, and their WinPLACE.
I prefer the command line nature of CUPL, but you may like the
graphical nature of WinPLACE.
See http://www.anachip.com/eng/product/pld.php

-jg





Article: 76986
Subject: Re: Need help with CUPL
From: Rich Webb <bbew.ar@mapson.nozirev.ten>
Date: Sat, 18 Dec 2004 14:23:16 GMT
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
On Sat, 18 Dec 2004 06:05:07 GMT, Jim Brain <brain@jbrain.com> wrote:

>I appreciate the responses.  I'll look at them to finish this.
>
>One person emailed me asking why I am using CUPL.  As I'm new to 
>programmable logic, I decided it'd be best to start with a CPLD.  I 
>obtained 2 from Digikey, an ATF750 and a Atmel 1504AS.  After delivery, 
>I went trolling for a piece of software to use to program them, thus 
>WinCUPL.

As Jim G noted, CUPL (or the currently available and free (always nice)
WinCUPL) is a good fit for smaller PLDs. Devices like the 22V10 are
great for learning, being fairly inexpensive and are also available in
DIP form-factors with 5 V supplies -- handy to be able to "make
something" without having to spin a board for a TQFP footprint.

When you start reaching beyond SPLD-land, you probably should bite the
bullet and learn VLDH or Verilog. Take a look at both. If you're already
comfortable in C then Verilog may feel more comfortable to start with.
Once you know either, though, learning the other isn't too bad.

-- 
Rich Webb   Norfolk, VA

Article: 76987
Subject: GAL/PAL - Read the UES/AND-Array with burned Security Fuse???
From: uwemattheyer@yahoo.de (Uwe Mattheyer)
Date: 18 Dec 2004 08:03:49 -0800
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
Hi all,
Can someone help me?

Article: 76988
Subject: Programming Virtex II in slave select MAP mode?
From: Kiran M <kiran@fepis.com>
Date: Sat, 18 Dec 2004 21:37:52 +0530
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
Hi everybody,
	I want to program a embedded microcontoller to load a
configuration bitstream using the slave select MAP mode of virtex II.
Are there any command words to be issued to commence programming or
just read the bitstream byte by byte and write it into the select MAP
data pins.

Article: 76989
Subject: Re: Digital clock synthesis
From: "RobJ" <rsefton@abc.net>
Date: Sat, 18 Dec 2004 10:16:57 -0800
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
"Ray Andraka" <ray@andraka.com> wrote in message 
news:dUAwd.1205$Tf5.139@lakeread03...
> Symon wrote:
>
>>Hal,
>>Make the accumulator overflow at 100,000,000 rather than at 134217728.
>>HTH, Syms.
>>
> No, that doesn't work.  The phase accumulator depends on modularity of the 
> number system, and by truncating the count like that you destroy the 
> modularity.  The way to get there is to extend the width of the 
> accumulator and select the appropriate constant based on the accumulator 
> width.
>
Ray -

I agree for a general-purpose synthesizer with a phase accumulator 
addressing
a SINE look-up table. But if you don't need a general-purpose synthesizer 
(i.e.,
you only need to generate one output frequency) then can't you pick any
modulus you need and create the SINE LUT to match that modulus?

And if you just need a digital (1-bit) output clock then you should always 
be
able to pick whatever accumulator modulus you want and use the MS bit of
the accumulator as the output clock. The only requirements are that
Fout = Fin * (M/N), where M and N are both integers and M/N <= 1/2.
N becomes the modulus of the accumulator and M is the phase value.

For the example being discussed, 1Hz = 100e6Hz*(1/100e6). The modulus
is 100e6, and the phase value is 1. (When the phase value is 1 like this you 
can
use a counter instead of an accumulator.)  If output duty cycle matters then 
you
also need to center the truncated accumulator range in the center of the 
full
binary range of the accumulator. In this example you want the accumulator to
cover the range (2^27)/2 -500e6 to (2^27)/2 + 500e6 - 1. The MS bit will
then be a perfect 50% duty cycle 1Hz clock.

Any holes in all this?

Bob S. 



Article: 76990
Subject: Seeking FPGA and 8MB SDRAM in a PCMCIA Type I card
From: Gregory Burd <gburd@sleepycat.com>
Date: Sat, 18 Dec 2004 15:09:06 -0500
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
I'm looking to do some experiments with FPGAs, but I work solely on my 
Mac PowerBook laptop and I don't really have an easy place to keep an 
exposed FPGA development board lying around (I live on a sailboat).  So 
it would be nice if I could find a simple FPGA experimentation kit.  My 
PowerBook has a PCMCIA slot that I'm not using, so I thought that there 
must be some FPGA with at least 8MB of SDRAM packaged as a Type I PCMCIA 
card that I could use.  I've searched high and low for what seems to me 
to be an obvious product to no avail.  So, my question is, has anyone 
seen such a thing?  If so, where can I find one?

thanks,

-greg

Article: 76991
Subject: Re: GAL/PAL - Read the UES/AND-Array with burned Security Fuse???
From: Jim Granville <no.spam@designtools.co.nz>
Date: Sun, 19 Dec 2004 09:59:23 +1300
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
Uwe Mattheyer wrote:
> Hi all,
> Can someone help me?

If it is one of the smaller 20/24 pin ones, and you cannot
read the contents, you can reverse engineer.
Start with the circuit (which you wil have, right?), and
determine which are IPs and outputs, then get a good device
programmer that supports IC testing, and write a set of tests
for the PLD. 15-150 lines is typical, and when you have
all plausible IPs testing OK, write the boolean eqns in
something like ABEL/CUPL and compile, and re-test
a NEW programmed GAL against the vectors, and also in-circuit.

-jg


Article: 76992
Subject: RAM programming by JTAG (i need some serious help)
From: aktaeon@gmail.com (Michel Bieleveld)
Date: 18 Dec 2004 13:16:31 -0800
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
I am trying to achieve something that probably thousand have done
before me. I want to program a sram module that is attached to my fpga
(xc2s300). I have a parallal cable programmer that is compatible with
imPact. Now i am wondering what do you use (software/hardware) to
program ram by jtag. There must be an easy way !?

Michel Bieleveld.

Article: 76993
Subject: PCB construction for PCI
From: "Shreyas Kulkarni" <shyran@gmail.com>
Date: 18 Dec 2004 16:00:14 -0800
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
Hi there,

currently i have been working on a project involving developement of a
simple PCI target for data acquisition. all that i want is a "simple"
target device that will get detected and will work properly as a
target, i.e. cause data transfer from the PCI card to the PC when
requested. i need to keep the cost at bare minimum. i cannot use the
readymade kits/cards like the one from PLX. i m going to use spartan2
fpga. again i m pretty an inexperienced person in this regard. hence i
have some doubts regarding the PCB developement that i will have to
undertake -

will a two layer PCB suffice for this purpose?

are plated through holes are necessory? any alternative?

what will be the approximate cost for a PCB with plated through holes?

can i hand solder the PQFP/TQFP packages to the board?

any extra precautions to take while doind that?

can you recommend me a good soldering gun assembly (of course low cost)
for that purpose?


any suggestions, recommendations regarding further references, books
that i should read for this kind of PCB developement, softwares that
can be useful, tools of the trade, and any other thing that may be
useful, will be greately appreciated; as they are you people whom i m
banking on for guidance, in this critical project. Seriously.
TIA,
Shreyas Kulkarni


Article: 76994
Subject: Re: PCB construction for PCI
From: DJ Delorie <dj@delorie.com>
Date: 18 Dec 2004 19:24:21 -0500
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>

I don't know about PCI, but for cheap board fabrication I know this
combination works: pcb.sourceforge.net and barebonespcb.com.  You get
plated through holes by default, minimum quantity ONE, and fast
service too.  You'll have to do some cutting to make it fit into a PCI
slot though, as they only do rectangles with that service (4pcb can do
ANYTHING, but their barebones deal doesn't allow it).  A 4x6 board is
$48.20 ($35 to set up, $13.20 per board).

Article: 76995
Subject: Output macro pins
From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Gr=E9gory_Mermoud?= <gregory.mermoud@epfl.ch>
Date: Sun, 19 Dec 2004 01:53:46 +0100
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
Hi all!

I wrote an hard macro by using the FPGA Editor and I want to use it in a 
design for a Spartan2. But when I launch the Implementation process, 
several errors occur :

ERROR:Pack:1195 - Symbol "rules_gen_11_rule_comp_rule_macro" has no 
output pin
    connections.
ERROR:Pack:1195 - Symbol "rules_gen_8_rule_comp_rule_macro" has no 
output pin
    connections.
ERROR:Pack:1195 - Symbol "rules_gen_19_rule_comp_rule_macro" has no 
output pin
    connections.

Nevertheless, this macro seems to be correct. I've defined external 
output pins and all these pins are reachable. I definitely don't 
understand what gets wrong.


Grégory Mermoud
gregory.mermoud@epfl.ch

P.S. : I get these messages before the errors. I don't understand them :


  Ldm_View: branch 
/inference/FRAGCOVERED/inference/rules_gen_1_rule_comp_rule_macro 
untyped for FragLib.ltl
Ldm_View: branch 
/inference/FRAGCOVERED/inference/rules_gen_2_rule_comp_rule_macro 
untyped for FragLib.ltl
Ldm_View: branch 
/inference/FRAGCOVERED/inference/rules_gen_3_rule_comp_rule_macro 
untyped for FragLib.ltl

Article: 76996
Subject: Bus macro pins
From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Gr=E9gory_Mermoud?= <gregory.mermoud@epfl.ch>
Date: Sun, 19 Dec 2004 01:57:19 +0100
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
Hi all!

I wrote a hard macro for a Spartan2 and I want to use it in my design. 
But my implementation process fails with these errors :

ERROR:Pack:1195 - Symbol "rules_gen_11_rule_comp_rule_macro" has no 
output pin
    connections.
ERROR:Pack:1195 - Symbol "rules_gen_8_rule_comp_rule_macro" has no 
output pin
    connections.
ERROR:Pack:1195 - Symbol "rules_gen_19_rule_comp_rule_macro" has no 
output pin
    connections.

Nevertheless, my macro seems to be correct. It includes external output 
pins and they are reachable. I don't understand what gets wrong... Have 
you ever encountered such a problem ? Do you know what this error means ?

Grégory Mermoud

P.S: Here is the messages that I get just before the errors, but I don't 
  understand them.

Ldm_View: branch 
/inference/FRAGCOVERED/inference/rules_gen_1_rule_comp_rule_macro 
untyped for FragLib.ltl
Ldm_View: branch 
/inference/FRAGCOVERED/inference/rules_gen_2_rule_comp_rule_macro 
untyped for FragLib.ltl
Ldm_View: branch 
/inference/FRAGCOVERED/inference/rules_gen_3_rule_comp_rule_macro 
untyped for FragLib.ltl

Article: 76997
Subject: Re: PCB construction for PCI
From: ben@ben.com (Ben Jackson)
Date: Sun, 19 Dec 2004 02:24:33 GMT
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
In article <1103414414.755056.267120@f14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>,
Shreyas Kulkarni <shyran@gmail.com> wrote:
>will a two layer PCB suffice for this purpose?

I made (at home, even) a 2 layer PCB which worked, but it's probably not
a good idea.  There are cheap board places that will make a 4 layer board
where the interior layers are limited to gnd/vcc for not that much more
than a 2 layer board.

You can see my board at:  http://ben.com/minipci/

>are plated through holes are necessory? any alternative?

You will have to have vias (there are necessary signals on both sides)
but you can do it with wires if necessary (like you would at home).

>what will be the approximate cost for a PCB with plated through holes?

There are places you can check like expresspcb, pcbexpress (yes, they're
different), olimex.  You'll probably be stuck cutting your own registration
slots, though.  Not many places cut outlines with notches that small.

>can i hand solder the PQFP/TQFP packages to the board?

Yes, it's not hard.  Use a lot of flux, tack the corner pins and then
you can 'wipe' the solder on.  Use solder wick to correct bridges.
Or you can order (fairly expensive) solder paste and reflow in your
toaster oven (google it).

>can you recommend me a good soldering gun assembly (of course low cost)
>for that purpose?

You don't want a gun for fine work.  Get a quality solder station with
a fine tip.

-- 
Ben Jackson
<ben@ben.com>
http://www.ben.com/

Article: 76998
Subject: Re: Seeking FPGA and 8MB SDRAM in a PCMCIA Type I card
From: hmurray@suespammers.org (Hal Murray)
Date: Sun, 19 Dec 2004 00:18:11 -0600
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
There is a list of FPGA board at
  http://www.fpga-faq.com/FPGA_Boards.shtml
(Thanks Philip.)

The only mention of PCMCIA is Annapolis Micro Systems
  http://www.annapmicro.com/

You have another set of problems.  Where are you going to
get software that runs on a Mac?


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Article: 76999
Subject: Re: PCI doubt
From: pdstroud@gmail.com
Date: 19 Dec 2004 00:20:03 -0800
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
In PCI, masters are called initiators and slaves are called targets. A
target only device can never initiate a transfer on the bus. It may be
read or written by other initiators.

A PCI device can be both a master and a slave but it wouldn't be called
'target only'.




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