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khiltrop@gesytec.de wrote: > > Hi > > My Modelsim XE 5.3d claims > Incompatible modes for port abc > with port abc being an 'inout' port. > Is there a special trick I do not know about? How can I simulate > bidirectional ports? > I am using XILINX ISE 3.1i An INOUT design port can only be connected to another INOUT or IN port on the testbench. Make sure you have an output enable control on both sides and that the inout ports drive data or all Z based on that control. --Mike TreselerArticle: 33251
On Fri, 20 Jul 2001 20:47:25 +1000, Russell Shaw <rjshaw@iprimus.com.au> wrote: >Hi, > >I found the SRFF library component. Unfortunately, its useless >because it needs a clock. > >I have a state machine controlled case statement that sets a flag: >srff.s=vcc. However, srff.q only changes at the next clock edge >which is also when the transition into the next state case-statement >happens. But this is too late for another flip-flop which clocks in >that flag to do something else. > >A clockless RS flip-flop wouldn't have that problem. Are asynchronous >things like that bad for some reason? [...] Hi Russel, asynch stuff is hard or impossible to simulate.. One workaround (have schematics only, so a text description must do it): New macro 'PseudoLatch': - Drop in one normal D flipflop plus one 2:1 multiplexer. - Connections: - DATA input: connected to flipflop's D input and multiplexer's #0 input - LATCH input: connected to flipflop's ClockEnable and multiplexer's #1 input - CLK input: connected to flipflop's CLK input - Q output: connected to multiplexer output. With LATCH high, the multiplexer passes the data at DATA, and at the next clock edge, the data are stored. With LATCH low one gets these stored data from the FF. HTH, RobertArticle: 33252
FPGA 2002: Call for Papers Tenth ACM* International Symposium on Field-Programmable Gate Arrays Monterey Beach Hotel Monterey, California February 24-26, 2002 Submissions due: September 28, 2001 web site: http://www.ecs.umass.edu/ece/fpga2002 The annual ACM/SIGDA International Symposium on Field-Programmable Gate Arrays is the premier conference for presentation of advances in all areas related to FPGA technology. For FPGA 2002, we are soliciting submissions describing novel research and developments in the following (and related) areas of interest: * FPGA Architecture: Combined FPGA fabric with system blocks (memory, processors, etc.), Logic block & routing architectures, I/O structures and circuits, new commercial architectures, Field-Programmable Interconnect Chips and Devices (FPIC/FPID), Field-Programmable Analog Arrays (FPAA). * CAD for FPGAs: Placement, routing, logic optimization, technology mapping, system-level partitioning, logic generators, testing and verification, CAD for FPGA-based accelerators. Evaluation of sensitivity of tools used for architecture evaluation (i.e. VPR). * Applications: Innovative use of FPGAs, exploitation of FPGA features, novel circuits, high-performance and low-power/mission-critical applications, DSP techniques, uses of reconfiguration, FPGA-based cores. * FPGA-based and FPGA-like computing engines: Compiled accelerators, reconfigurable computing, adaptive computing devices, systems and software. * Rapid-prototyping: Fast prototyping for system-level design, Multi-Chip Modules (MCMs), logic emulation. Authors are invited to submit English language PDF of their paper (12 pages maximum) and panel proposals by September 28, 2001 by E-mail to fpga2002@xilinx.com. Notification of acceptance will be sent by November 21, 2001. The authors of accepted papers will be required to submit the final camera-ready copy by December 5, 2001. A proceedings of the accepted papers will be published by ACM, and included in the Annual ACM/SIGDA CD-ROM Compendium publication. Address questions to: Steve Trimberger, Program Chair, FPGA 2002 Xilinx Corporation, 2100 Logic Drive, San Jose, CA 95124 phone: 408-879-5061 fax: 408-559-7168 Email: fpga2002@xilinx.com General Chair: Martine Schlag, UCSC Program Chair: Steve Trimberger, Xilinx Publicity Chair: Russell Tessier, U. Mass.-Amherst Finance Chair: Scott Hauck, U. of Washington Panel Chair: Herman Schmit, CMU Program Committee Ray Andraka, Andraka Consulting Tom Kean, Algotronix Mike Bershteyn, Cognigine Arun Kundu, Actel Vaughn Betz, Altera Miriam Leeser, Northeastern U. Richard Cliff, Altera Wayne Luk, Imperial College Jason Cong, UCLA Margaret Marek-Sadowska, UCSB Andre DeHon, Caltech Martine Schlag, UCSC Eugene Ding, Agere Systems Herman Schmit, CMU J.M. "Marty" Emmert, UNC-Charlotte Russ Tessier, U. Mass.-Amherst Scott Hauck, U. Washington Steve Trimberger, Xilinx Rajeev Jayaraman, Xilinx Steve Wilton, U. British Columbia Sinan Kaptanoglu, Adaptive Silicon Martin Wong, U. Texas Sponsored by ACM SIGDA, with support from industry.* Please visit the web site <http://www.ecs.umass.edu/ece/fpga2002> for more information. *Pending approvalArticle: 33253
You might want to pick up one of the several books on writing synthesizable VHDL code, and read it carefully. I like Bhaskar's book. -andy sandeep wrote: > > Hello everybody, > Myself is Sandeep,and is a Post Graduate student and > doing dissertation in JPEG baseline image compression using VLSI. > I have written a code for 2-D DCT using VHDL and simulated it, but hte > problem is that it is not fitting in any of the CPLD or FPGA. I have > used Xilinx 2.1 tool.Is there any solution to this problem?????????/ > My doubt is that while writing the code is it necessary to take in to > consideration the internal architecture of the FPGA or CPLD??? If yes > then in which manner???????/ > > Thanking you in anticipation > > Yours > sandeepArticle: 33254
Hi, I downloaded the latest version of WebPack and, while the schematic editor is present, I can't find the libraries (except for the 9500 CPLD family that I don't plan to use anyway). I thought it was a mistake, and tried to download/install it again but the only schematics libraries that are included are the 9500 ones. How comes the Spartan II libraries are left out ? It is my understanding (I might be wrong) that the WebPack is supposed to be an introductory package, designed to attract peoples who are relatively new to FPGA design, and as such, being forced to learn VHDL (seems to be a long, and somewhat frustrating/painful road) when schematic is (at least for me) much easier & a lot more natural to use, (at least for first / simple projects) looks like a nonsense. I understand that the free package can't include all (else, who would buy the ISE software ?) and older or bigger devices are left out, but schematic entry is a basic feature, and the fastest way someone new to FPGA can evaluate Xilinx products. Putting it aside when the "A" brand includes it in the free package seems odd. I know this is becoming a HDL world (I might get into it later), but being forced to learn it upfront makes me pause, and I'm sure I'm not the only one. Will we see the libraries in the next release ? I really hope so. Francis.Article: 33255
Ummmmm, people, This guy's a troll. Now, where's that killfile ... David Wright wrote: > > Has anyone had a working logic design in VHDL other than a few Cypress and > Xilinx insiders? > > Logic was never this complicated before! > > What a total waste of human intelligence. > > It is far easier to build with discrete MSI/LSI parts or code in computer > language than get even something simple into a small CPLD or FPGA.Article: 33256
Hi, Rick Filipkiewicz wrote: > My conclusion from this small sample is that the P&R tool speed is > dominated by memory performance. With this type of application (memory hugary!) the speed of the CPU is only any good when it has the data to process. In other words a 450, 600 or 1.4 will just spend most of its time sitting on its "bum" waiting for memory. This was proven when Cambridge Uni fitted 4Gb of SRAM (not DRAM) to a 40Mhz 386DX - Was the fastest thing you have ever seen!! Cyber_Spook_ManArticle: 33257
Howdy, I believe some previous Xilinx chips had a restriction on stopping the clock, and in the DLL usage notes for the Virtex-E, there is a note that the clock should not be stopped for greater than 100uS. But if the DLL is not used, is there a restriction on stopping the clock to other parts of the circuitry? And specifically, I was wondering about stopping the clock to about 500 slices within a 600E. DuaneArticle: 33258
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Assuming the S-R input pulses are asynchronous inputs: If the S and R input pulses to the S-R FF are narrower than a single clock cycle, then you need edge detectors (i.e. pulse stretchers). The edge detector outputs must then be synchronised to the system clock, and the sync'ed outputs then drive a clocked S-R FF. If the input pulses are wider than a clock cycle, then you can safely synchronise the inputs and the sync'ed outputs directly drive a clocked S-R FF. In either case, the inputs (or edge detector outputs, if needed) need to be synchronised to the system clock to avoid metastable conditions, and to ensure that multiple registers respond uniformly to the async inputs. If the S-R inputs are already synchronous, then there shouldn't be any issue with using a clocked S-R FF (e.g. SRFF, SRFFE). There are undoubtedly some situations where this doesn't apply, but for most designs (e.g. clocked synchronous designs) the above is (and should be) standard practice. -- Bob Elkind Russell Shaw wrote: > Hi, > > I found the SRFF library component. Unfortunately, its useless > because it needs a clock. > > I have a state machine controlled case statement that sets a flag: > srff.s=vcc. However, srff.q only changes at the next clock edge > which is also when the transition into the next state case-statement > happens. But this is too late for another flip-flop which clocks in > that flag to do something else. > > A clockless RS flip-flop wouldn't have that problem. Are asynchronous > things like that bad for some reason? > > I could fix it by inserting extra states, but that just makes things > slower. Maybe things like flags should work on a x2 or x4 clock?Article: 33260
What is 'synthesizable' code, as opposed to any other VHDL ? "Andy Peters > > You might want to pick up one of the several books on writing > synthesizable VHDL code, and read it carefully. I like Bhaskar's book. > > -andy > > sandeep wrote: > > > > Hello everybody, > > Myself is Sandeep,and is a Post Graduate student and > > doing dissertation in JPEG baseline image compression using VLSI. > > I have written a code for 2-D DCT using VHDL and simulated it, but hte > > problem is that it is not fitting in any of the CPLD or FPGA. I have > > used Xilinx 2.1 tool.Is there any solution to this problem?????????/ > > My doubt is that while writing the code is it necessary to take in to > > consideration the internal architecture of the FPGA or CPLD??? If yes > > then in which manner???????/ > > > > Thanking you in anticipation > > > > Yours > > sandeep --RussellArticle: 33261
dottavio@ised.it (Antonio) writes: [...] > -0.0015462472598948768 > -0.0090424537413504452 > -0.0103914189205138260 > by the way how you suggest me to implement these coefficients ?? If you need 16-bit signed coefficents (15 bits plus sign), multiply them by 32768 (2^15). Then round them to the nearest integer. Don't truncate. Remember that each decimal place of precision you need becomes log2(10) bits in binary.Article: 33262
Hi all, I need a saturable adder like the ALU in DSPs. I thought maybe you could just sign-extend the two input busses, add them, then detect if the result has overflowed the input bus width. If so, the result could be saturated to max-neg or max-pos. AHDL seems a bit limited for handling signed numbers. I'm learning some VHDL because it seems to have more constructs and knows about signed/unsigned numbers. Are there any simpler ways of doing such an adder? --RussellArticle: 33263
VHDL was originally intended to document a design through an executable document; 'D' stands for Description, not Design. There are many features in the full VHDL language that are not recognized by logic synthesizers, for example signals of type real, wait for statements, etc. Synthesizers generally work by matching your VHDL code against templates to determine what logic to put in for the code. As a result, only a relatively small subset of the language is recognized by the synthesis tools for creating hardware from your code. Code that fits within that subset is considered synthesizable code, whereas behavioral code intended to model behavior, not gates, may not fit the templates in the synthesis tool, or may use statements that have no translation. In that case, even though the code is grammatically correct, it is not synthesizable. Russell Shaw wrote: > What is 'synthesizable' code, as opposed to any other VHDL ? > > "Andy Peters > > > > You might want to pick up one of the several books on writing > > synthesizable VHDL code, and read it carefully. I like Bhaskar's book. > > > > -andy > > > > sandeep wrote: > > > > > > Hello everybody, > > > Myself is Sandeep,and is a Post Graduate student and > > > doing dissertation in JPEG baseline image compression using VLSI. > > > I have written a code for 2-D DCT using VHDL and simulated it, but hte > > > problem is that it is not fitting in any of the CPLD or FPGA. I have > > > used Xilinx 2.1 tool.Is there any solution to this problem?????????/ > > > My doubt is that while writing the code is it necessary to take in to > > > consideration the internal architecture of the FPGA or CPLD??? If yes > > > then in which manner???????/ > > > > > > Thanking you in anticipation > > > > > > Yours > > > sandeep > > --Russell -- -Ray Andraka, P.E. President, the Andraka Consulting Group, Inc. 401/884-7930 Fax 401/884-7950 email ray@andraka.com http://www.andraka.comArticle: 33264
Antonio wrote: > Good Morning, > I'm Producing a QPSK modulator using an NCO, I use the classical > schema including 2 branches, each with a Polyphase > SquareRootRaisedCosine Filter whose output go to a multiplier having > on the other input the output of the NCO , the two branches then come > to a adder, my question is about the number of bits in the different > part of the circuit, for example : > > 1) How much bits I've to use for the coefficients of the polyphase > filter ?? Depends on the required characteristics of the filter. As a rule of thumb, you'll get about 5db improvement to your noise floor per bit in the coefficient. > > 2) the data arriving to the polyphase are 1 and -1 so the multiply is > reduced to invert the coefficient or not, how much bits I've to > consider at the output providing the coefficient are expressed in > 2'complement and are -0.0103914189205138260 > -0.0090424537413504452 > -0.0015462472598948768 > 0.0104572775382219900 > 0.0225120416117039310 > 0.0285826337727227570 > 0.0233188590342006150 > 0.0046304157926415250 > -0.0244042584244363110 > -0.0551805195177435540 > -0.0751980048558142520 > -0.0714382299222202640 > -0.0345746562804935130 > 0.0373165930609706130 > 0.1368592502236164500 > 0.2481225405617600900 > 0.3500278381428516000 > 0.4215598203650190400 > 0.4472906424227021100 > 0.4215598203650190400 > 0.3500278381428516000 > 0.2481225405617600900 > 0.1368592502236164500 > 0.0373165930609706130 > -0.0345746562804935130 > -0.0714382299222202640 > -0.0751980048558142520 > -0.0551805195177435540 > -0.0244042584244363110 > 0.0046304157926415250 > 0.0233188590342006150 > 0.0285826337727227570 > 0.0225120416117039310 > 0.0104572775382219900 > -0.0015462472598948768 > -0.0090424537413504452 > -0.0103914189205138260 Again, it depends on how much quantization error (which translates to limits on the filter response) you are willing to live with. The coefficients, assuming an FPGA implementation, are most likely going to be implemented in fixed point arithmetic. What this means, is that everything has a fixed scale factor (a power of two generally) associated with it. You will express the fractions as fractional fixed point numbers, where each bit has a power of 2 weighting. For fractional fixed point, the radix point is at the left, so the bit to the right of the radix has weight 1/2, next has weight 1/4 etc. If you want a 16 bit fractional notation, then you can multiply all your coefficients by 2^16 to get the integer value, and just remember that there is a scale factor. For example, to put the the last entry in 16 bit binary form for the hardware, mulitply it by 2^16, convert the result to 2's complement and then put the binary radix point on the left. -0.0103914189205138260 * 65536 => -681.01... => 1111110101010111, then divided by 2^16 you get 0.11111101010101111. The binary point is always in the same position, so we can just ignore it. A floating point system sets aside a field within your word to represent the position of the binary point in the word, which has the effect of extending the dynamic range at the expense of precision. > > by the way how you suggest me to implement these coefficients ?? > > 3) If for example one input of the multiplier is 10 bits, also the > other must be ten bits ?? and how much for the output ??? > > 4) By the way , it is important that the inputs of the multiplier have > the same rate ?? > > 5) if for example the input of the following adder are both 10 bits, > how much bits I've to provide for the output. > > I know many of these question could be stupid , but, how I can say, > I've not the answer so if you have some answer also only at some of > them I'll be really happy if you tell it to me or also if you redirect > me to some resource speaking strictly about these thinghs ... > > Antonio D'Ottavio -- -Ray Andraka, P.E. President, the Andraka Consulting Group, Inc. 401/884-7930 Fax 401/884-7950 email ray@andraka.com http://www.andraka.comArticle: 33265
Oops, pushed the send too fast.... Antonio wrote: > 3) If for example one input of the multiplier is 10 bits, also the > other must be ten bits ?? and how much for the output ??? No, you can have both inputs have arbitrary sizes. I believe the latest Xilinx core generator allows you to set the widths of the inputs independently. In your case, you do not need multipliers: each coefficient is a constant that you are either adding to or subtracting from the sum of products (you are multiplying by either 1 or -1), so instead, use adder/subtractors with the signal input controlling the a/s control. Since this is a filter, the signal is delayed in a tapped delay queue. You can transpose the delay to the output side of the filter, which allows you to perform the adds in a chain, then the structure is a chain of adder/subtractors that have one input connected to a constant coefficient, and the other to the output of the previous adder in the chain. > > > 4) By the way , it is important that the inputs of the multiplier have > the same rate ?? No, but they should both change as a result of transitions on the same clock signal. For example, one input can change on every clock cycle while the other only changes every 4th cycle. The multiplier in an FPGA is generally deeply pipelined (takes several clocks before the product of the inputs appears on the output). > > > 5) if for example the input of the following adder are both 10 bits, > how much bits I've to provide for the output. In your case, you know the values at the input of the adders, since they are constants. From these, you can compute the maximum value at the output of each adder, which in turn tells you how many bits of significance you need at that node. For example, the coefficient mentioned above (previous post) could be represented with only 11 bits instead of the 16 without loosing any more precision than the original quantization. If you add that with another coefficient of similar magnitude, you will likely need 12 bits to represent the largest possible sum without overflow. > > > I know many of these question could be stupid , but, how I can say, > I've not the answer so if you have some answer also only at some of > them I'll be really happy if you tell it to me or also if you redirect > me to some resource speaking strictly about these thinghs ... > > Antonio D'Ottavio -- -Ray Andraka, P.E. President, the Andraka Consulting Group, Inc. 401/884-7930 Fax 401/884-7950 email ray@andraka.com http://www.andraka.comArticle: 33266
I haven't used it but I know Synopsys has SystemC Compiler tool that Xilinx and Altera are helping to make work well for SystemC to FPGA flow. http://www.eedesign.com/story/OEG20001110S0071 I saw a pointer on SystemC web page http://www.systemC.org/products.html to synthesizable subset from for Synopsys under http://www.synopsys.com/products/sld/rtl_systemc.pdf The other synthesis tools on that page are from CoWare (I/F synthesis whatever that is) and Frontier Design (for DSP)Article: 33267
> Cadence - NCSim and other tools - US$5K (I think, the Cadence > web site is rather hard to use) Umm...no. NC-Verilog is around $44k (USD) per license. I just setup an 'experimental' Linux machine at work, to investigate the feasibility of offloading some of our Verilog RTL functional simulations to 'cheap' x86-PCs. For trivially small designs (i.e < 2000 lines), a Pentium3-800 MHz (100MHz FSB, 1024MB PC100 SDRAM) seems to run almost twice as fast as an Sun Ultrasparc-60 2360 (360MHz)! For more 'realistic' designs, say 200-400MB RAM footprint (on the x86), the Pentium3-800 feels about 10-20% faster than the same Ultrasparc, which was very consistent with the expectations other engineers gave me. This is with no dumpfile/$shm_probe, etc. (I.e., minimal disk activity.) I don't know how performance changes with heavy disk activity. My next attempt will be to run some SDF-annotated gate-level Verilog netlists through the same setup. Unfortunately, one of our databases is large enough that it won't fit within 1GB RAM. I saw similar trends with Verilog-XL, benching the same RTL code. So far this has been very encouraging for me. I'll definitely up the CPU to a 1GHz Pentium3, then wait for those dual Athlon DDR motherboards.Article: 33268
There's a basically free core (24 bit) at http://www.birdcomputer.ca/SparrowSoC.html SoC.zip at the bottom of the page. Are there any specific requirements ? Data size ? Code size ? Do you need additional tools eg compiler / assembler ? I'm currently working on a thirty-two bit core, but it won't be ready for a few months. "John Smith" <xyz1625us@yahoo.com> wrote in message news:8c835672.0107170405.224a2753@posting.google.com... > I'm looking for a small processor core that fit in a 'cheap' fpga > leaving some space for IO. > Free or for little cost preferred. > > Thanks > JohnArticle: 33269
Are there any free tools around? I'd like to learn VHDL, but don't want to spend money on commercial software since I don't know which chip family I'll use when it comes to implementing something. Philipp KrauseArticle: 33270
This is not an FPGA question but I guess many of you may have designed FPGA's using similar technology and work for companies that have some advice to part with. We have a PCB designed for a 255 pin Ceramic BGA and are struggling to solder this correctly. Plastic BGA's are not an issue however. Obviously the ceramic absorbs the reflow energy but we haven't been able to find the correct technique to pre-heat the part. I guess we could measure the pre-heated component temperature if we had some idea about it's required value. Any help please. Thanks AnthonyArticle: 33271
dottavio@ised.it (Antonio) wrote in message news:<fb35ea96.0107200436.79d44289@posting.google.com>... > Good Morning, > I'm Producing a QPSK modulator using an NCO, I use the classical > schema including 2 branches, each with a Polyphase > SquareRootRaisedCosine Filter whose output go to a multiplier having > on the other input the output of the NCO , the two branches then come > to a adder, my question is about the number of bits in the different > part of the circuit, for example : > > 1) How much bits I've to use for the coefficients of the polyphase > filter ?? > 2) the data arriving to the polyphase are 1 and -1 so the multiply is > reduced to invert the coefficient or not, how much bits I've to > consider at the output providing the coefficient are expressed in > 2'complement and are -0.0103914189205138260 > -0.0090424537413504452 > -0.0015462472598948768 > 0.0104572775382219900 > 0.0225120416117039310 > 0.0285826337727227570 > 0.0233188590342006150 > 0.0046304157926415250 > -0.0244042584244363110 > -0.0551805195177435540 > -0.0751980048558142520 > -0.0714382299222202640 > -0.0345746562804935130 > 0.0373165930609706130 > 0.1368592502236164500 > 0.2481225405617600900 > 0.3500278381428516000 > 0.4215598203650190400 > 0.4472906424227021100 > 0.4215598203650190400 > 0.3500278381428516000 > 0.2481225405617600900 > 0.1368592502236164500 > 0.0373165930609706130 > -0.0345746562804935130 > -0.0714382299222202640 > -0.0751980048558142520 > -0.0551805195177435540 > -0.0244042584244363110 > 0.0046304157926415250 > 0.0233188590342006150 > 0.0285826337727227570 > 0.0225120416117039310 > 0.0104572775382219900 > -0.0015462472598948768 > -0.0090424537413504452 > -0.0103914189205138260 > by the way how you suggest me to implement these coefficients ?? > > 3) If for example one input of the multiplier is 10 bits, also the > other must be ten bits ?? and how much for the output ??? > > 4) By the way , it is important that the inputs of the multiplier have > the same rate ?? > > 5) if for example the input of the following adder are both 10 bits, > how much bits I've to provide for the output. > > > I know many of these question could be stupid , but, how I can say, > I've not the answer so if you have some answer also only at some of > them I'll be really happy if you tell it to me or also if you redirect > me to some resource speaking strictly about these thinghs ... > > Antonio D'Ottavio The above FIR filter could also be implemented as a lookup table of modest size. (2k words assuming you're using 4x oversampling - that's 6 virtex-e blockrams for a 12 bit output or 2 virtex-2 block rams for a 16 bit output.) This also avoids any roundoff problems in intermediate values, as the lookup table stores the output values directly. This old comp.dsp post shows how: http://groups.google.com/groups?selm=370f778d.12757251%40newshost Regards, Allan.Article: 33272
Philipp Krause wrote: > Are there any free tools around? I'd like to learn VHDL, but don't want > to spend money on commercial software since I don't know which chip > family I'll use when it comes to implementing something. > > Philipp Krause Download the free WebPACK tools from Xilinx or the free Maxplus2 tools from Altera. Both contain VHDL and Verilog synthesizers. -- || Dr. Dave Van den Bout XESS Corp. (919) 387-0076 || || devb@xess.com 2608 Sweetgum Dr. (800) 549-9377 || || http://www.xess.com Apex, NC 27502 USA FAX:(919) 387-1302 ||Article: 33273
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